2023, JMD 538595/12-12-2023 (FEK 7063/15-12-2023) was issued, following the 485728/31-10-2023 “Recommendation regarding the establishment of the national list of safe third countries according to Article 91 Law 4939/2022” of the Director of the Asylum Service, repeating the content of the amended JMD 539 There have been no subsequent JMDs issued after December 2023 regarding the designation of safe third countries.540 According to the data released by the ΜοΜΑ for the period from January to December 2025, a total of 464 asylum applications were found inadmissible at first instance based on the “safe third country” (STC) concept, marking close to an 80% decrease compared to 2024 (2,143 inadmissible decisions based on the STC concept), albeit it is not specified to what extent these concerned Albania and Norther Macedonia as opposed to Türkiye. Additionally, a total of 104 applications were found inadmissible at second instance based on the application of the same concept, of which 11 concerned Albania, 27 Northern Macedonia and 66 Türkiye.541 After the annulment by the CoS in March 2025, the administration issued a new ministerial decision in April 2025 of the same content of the annulled one naming Türkiye as a safe third country. The action of the administration was condemned by civil society as violating the Greek Constitution, constuting a clear refusal to comply with the decisions of the Grand Chamber of the Court published simultaneously in individual cases, which ruled, in accordance with the judgment of the CJEU (Case C-134/23). Procedures for the annulment of this new JMD were initiated by GCR and RSA in June 2025.542 539 540 541 542 JMD 538595/12-12-2023 (FEK 7063/15-12-2023), available in Greek at: https://tinyurl.com/2nntzpw6. MoMA, Decisions on the national list of safe third countries, available in Greek here. MoMA, Statistics: Consolidated Reports – Overview, December 2025 - International Protection | Appendix A, available at: https://tinyurl.com/26ynfarp Tables 8a and 8b. The Press Project New appeal filed with the Council of State challenging the designation of Turkey as a “safe third country,” following the government’s refusal to comply https://tinyurl.com/yffxph94 115