Kırklareli .................................................................................................................................... 58
Izmir ......................................................................................................................................... 60
X. Deportations from Turkey ............................................................................................................ 61
Overland Deportations to Northern Iraq...................................................................................... 61
Indefinite Detention to Pay for Own Removal ............................................................................. 62
XI. Greece’s Nonrefoulement Obligations ........................................................................................ 64
Nonrefoulement Under Refugee Law ......................................................................................... 64
Principle of Nonrefoulement in Human Rights Law..................................................................... 66
XII. Detention in Greece .................................................................................................................. 68
The Evros Region ...................................................................................................................... 68
The Greek Islands ...................................................................................................................... 73
The Athens Area (Attica Prefecture) ............................................................................................ 79
XIII. Detention in Greece: Inhuman and Degrading Treatment.......................................................... 83
XIV. Seeking Access to Asylum in Greece ........................................................................................ 86
Seeking Asylum in Athens—Petrou Ralli .................................................................................... 90
XV. The Asylum Procedure in Greece ............................................................................................... 92
Legal Representation .................................................................................................................93
Accelerated Procedure .............................................................................................................. 94
Grounds for Protection ............................................................................................................... 95
The First-instance Interview....................................................................................................... 96
Interpreters............................................................................................................................... 99
Appeals of Negative Decisions ................................................................................................. 101
“Tricks” to Knock Applicants Out of the Asylum Procedure ....................................................... 102
XVI. Surviving in Greece ................................................................................................................. 106
Undocumented Iraqis .............................................................................................................. 106
Iraqi Red-Card Holders ............................................................................................................. 108
Recognized Iraqi Refugees Living in Greece .............................................................................. 110
Conditions Common to all Asylum Seekers and Migrants .......................................................... 111
XVII. Dublin Returns ....................................................................................................................... 114
The Shock of Return ................................................................................................................. 114
Access to Asylum upon Return .................................................................................................. 115
Lack of Reception, Housing, Social Services for Dublin Returnees............................................. 118
XVIII. Acknowledgements............................................................................................................... 121