7. RECOMMENDATIONS We call on the European Union and its Member States to: Æ Ensure through regular monitoring that EU funded border surveillance technologies are used for search and rescue operations and in support of the right of access to asylum and the right to life. Æ Enhance the monitoring role of the FRONTEX Fundamental Rights Office, and specifically guarantee their access to relevant border areas and FRONTEX operations at the Greek-Turkish land and sea borders. Æ Enhance the monitoring role of the European Union Asylum Agency (EUAA). Establish a complaint mechanism under the supervision of the newly appointed Fundamental Rights Officer, to report any evidence of possible misconduct or violations of EU and international law perpetrated by the Greek authorities at EU external borders. Æ Increase transparency and scrutiny over the Greek authorities’ use of EU funds for migration management purposes, to ensure that EU funds are not being misused to fund operations that endanger migrants and refugees or violate EU law. To this end, clarify the role of the EU Task Force on Migration Management and include regular scrutiny and reporting on said funding in their mandate. 48 Æ Æ Æ Æ Æ Take disciplinary action and launch infringement proceedings against the Greek state for well-documented, long-term, and systematic breaches of international and EU law in its treatment of asylum seekers, including during the conduct of pushback operations. Make the content and focus of the current infringement proceedings transparent. Recognize the shrinking civic space in Greece and the dangerous trend of criminalization of HRDs at EU’s external borders as an urgent issue to address, and urge the Greek government to immediately put an end to these practices. Urgently establish an Independent Border Monitoring Mechanism that can effectively investigate human rights violations at the borders and hold perpetrators to account. Inform and involve relevant civil society in the establishment of the mechanism. Stop establishing non transparent and ineffective migration ‘agreements’ with non-EU countries. These deals undermine the adherence of the EU and its member states to their human rights obligations, make the EU and its member states skirt their responsibility for hosting refugees, and make the EU and its member states vulnerable to politicizing human mobility potential actions by third country governments. Resist any further attempts to codify the concept of ‘instrumentalisation’ in EU law, and refrain from AT EUROPE’S BORDERS: BETWEEN IMPUNITY AND CRIMINALIZATION