No Safe Haven 157 Photograph 2: Pagani Holding Center: children behind bars on Europe’s south­eastern fringe. Photograph taken by the author in 200■. mented migrants had to stay without proper sanitary and hygiene infrastructure. As a result of the ongoing criticism of insufficient reception and human rights violations occurring in Pagani, the Greek Ministry of Civil Protection closed down the centre in November 2009.29 Until then, the apprehended persons were not allowed to leave the centre and they were kept under administrative detention until a bureaucratic decision on their future had been taken. Not surprisingly, disappointment and distrust prevailed. The boat migrants, who had just arrived at Europe’s eastern fringe after many difficulties, found themselves registered, fingerprinted and finally deprived of their freedom for an unknown period in border camps with hundreds of detainees.30 In the same period when economic foreign migrants crossing the Albanian and Bulgarian border were usually let free to continue their journey to 29 30 See the press release from the Greek Ministry of Civil Protection of 22/10/2009 in Greek (http://www.yptp.gr). Various complaints and critical accounts of the reception structure for irregular boat migrants and asylum seekers have been made public, e. g. the reports Pro Asyl 2007 and Pro