44 THE DUBLIN II TRAP TRANSFERS OF ASYLUM-SEEKERS TO GREECE On refoulement Protect asylum-seekers, refugees and others in need of international protection against refoulement  Ensure that no individual is directly or indirectly refouled to their country of origin, or any other country in respect to which they claim persecution, in line with Greece’s obligations under international and regional law. In particular the following should be ensured: Asylum-seekers, refugees and others in need of international protection, still awaiting a final decision on their claim, are not returned in any manner whatsoever to their country of origin, or any other country in respect to which they claimed persecution, unless their claim for protection has been substantively examined and rejected on appeal following a full and fair refugee status determination procedure; all such returns must be carried out in safety and dignity for the returned individual;   Asylum-seekers are not expelled or “pushed-back” to Turkey, or any other country which currently lacks the requisite protection standards, so as to protect against a situation of chain or indirect refoulement. On access to the refugee status determination procedure  Ensure that all persons who may be in need of protection within Greece’s jurisdiction, including within its territory, at its borders, and those returned under the Dublin Regulation, are given access to a fair and effective refugee status determination procedure. To achieve this, the authorities should:  ensure that all persons who may be in need of protection and who are returned under Dublin arrangements are provided with information on the asylum procedure in a language that they understand, and that they are given access to legal counsel; receive and immediately log all asylum applications, oral or written, with the assistance of trained interpreters if necessary. All asylum applications should be presented to a competent decision-making body that is independent from the police and specialized;   ensure that state officials receive thorough training in human rights standards, as well as in the principles and standards of refugee protection in order that they can adequately identify and refer people who are requesting asylum to the appropriate authorities. Cases of state officials refusing to receive asylum applications and/or failing to transfer them to a competent authority should be promptly and effectively investigated; establish a monitoring procedure in partnership with organizations that assist refugees and UNHCR, in order to monitor the access of persons who may be  Amnesty International March 2010 Index: EUR 25/001/2010