the identification of survivors of trafficking. Amongst IHR’s clients, 13% are survivors of human trafficking. If IHR’s client statistics are representative of the wider Samos population, then approximately 285 of the 2,170 asylum seekers who entered in 2022 and 981 of the 7,000 who entered in 2023 were potential survivors of trafficking. IHR’s research found that 0% of survivors were identified during their first police screenings or during their registration interview, with only 13% identified in their vulnerability assessments and 29% in their asylum interviews. 122 This is despite 100% of the survivors presenting clear indicators of their trafficking experience (for example being pregnant from sexual violence, sexually transmitted infections and genital injury from rape). Furthermore, identification is futile where survivors are not able to access their rights that flow from identification, most notably the right to psychological, physical and social recovery. IHR’s research found that none of the survivors were granted a reflection and recovery period, provided adequate or appropriate support and/or accommodation, or were formally recognised. ______ (2) Mainland At the end of December 2023, there were 1,986 people living in Greece’s 27 mainland reception facilities whom the authorities deemed to be entitled to special reception conditions.123 Research conducted during 2024 by MIT and RLS on conditions in mainland refugee camps administered by the RIS found that eight people reported having a vulnerability, however, that their needs were not properly catered to during their stay in a camp. 124 The lack of a uniform and timely vulnerability assessment in combination with chronic understaffing is widespread in mainland structures, leading to the inability to provide dignified reception conditions. 125 Moreover, aside from addressing issues of physical mobility by providing ramps in some accommodation containers, many vulnerabilities are not adequately catered for in mainland camps, for example survivors of trafficking, gender-based violence and torture, who reside in facilities without psychosocial staff due to shortages of EODY (Hellenic National Public Health Organization) staff in conjunction with the remoteness of camps and lack of transportation. 126 For instance, the Serres camp hosts a large proportion of vulnerable asylum seekers who are in need of special reception conditions. 127 Despite being hailed as a ‘model’ camp, 128 living conditions in Serres are described as undignified, with reports of medicine shortages, broken or absent heating in accommodation, and the lack of interpreters during medical visits.129 The Greek Ombudsperson noted numerous deficiencies following a visit to the Serres facility in December 2023. 130 People with special support needs - including victims of torture, human trafficking, pregnant women, single mothers and persons suffering from serious mental illness - are held in the same conditions as ________________________________ 122. Ibid. 123. Hellenic Republic Ministry of Migration and Asylum (HRMoMA). 2024. Reply to the Greek Parliament. Available at: https://www.hellenicparliament.gr/UserFiles/67715b2c-ec81-4f0c-ad6a-476a34d732bd/12516309.pdf 124. Mobile Info Team and Refugee Legal Support. 2024. Voices from the Camps: Living Conditions and Access to Services in Refugee Camps on the Greek Mainland: https://www.mobileinfoteam.org/voices-from-the-camps 125. Greek Council for Refugees et al. Joint Press Release. 2023. Reception of asylum seekers in Greece: the demand for humane conditions remains. Available at: https://www.gcr.gr/en/news/press-releases-announcements/item/2216-reception-of-asylum-seekersin-greece-the-demand-for-humane-conditions-remains. 126. Mobile Info Team and Refugee Legal Support. 2024. Voices from the Camps: Living Conditions and Access to Services in Refugee Camps on the Greek Mainland: https://www.mobileinfoteam.org/voices-from-the-camps 127. Hellenic Republic Ministry of Migration and Asylum (HRMoMA). 2024. Reply to the Greek Parliament. Available at: https://www.hellenicparliament.gr/UserFiles/67715b2c-ec81-4f0c-ad6a-476a34d732bd/12516309.pdf 128. XinhuaNet. 2017. Feature: At Greece's model refugee camp, Yazidis dream of better future, pray for those left behind. Available at: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-06/17/c_136372074.htm. 129. Ibid. 130. The Greek Ombudsman. 2024. The Challenge of Migratory Flows and Refugee Protection - Reception Conditions and Procedures. Available at: https://www.synigoros.gr/en/category/default/post/ek8esh-or. 15