for them to buy us food, but they refused. We were handcuffed the whole time. They took us to the border checkpoint; we saw Greek and Turkish flags. The Greeks turned us over to the Turkish authorities. The Turks behaved worse than the Greeks. They beat us and took our money. They even beat the women who were on the same bus. We were in handcuffs. No one resisted or we would be beaten more.80 The Turkish authorities subsequently bused the Sabean man and 64 other Iraqis to the border with Iraq and turned them over to the Iraqi Kurdish authorities who jailed and questioned them, and dumped them without any identification south of Kirkuk.81 Summary Forced Expulsions from the Evros Region Summary forcible expulsions across the Evros River by Greek police and security forces are routine and systematic. The Turkish General Staff has reported that Greece “unlawfully deposited at our borders” nearly 12,000 third-country nationals between 2002 and 2007.82 This number only indicates those migrants who the Turkish border authorities apprehended and registered; the number that Greece has summarily expelled is very likely to be higher. Human Rights Watch confirmed the systematic nature of the summary expulsions in 41 testimonies of migrants and asylum seekers interviewed in Greece and Turkey. Many of these individuals told Human Rights Watch of multiple entries into Greece and summary expulsions back to Turkey. The number and consistency of the accounts makes the presentation appear redundant. What follows are typical examples among the scores of interviews collected by Human Rights Watch. A 29-year–old Moroccan being held at the Gaziosmanpaşa detention center in Kırklareli, Turkey gave an account that includes the main elements in almost all testimonies: 1) making multiple attempts to enter Greece and being caught in Greek territory and 80 Human Rights Watch interview (name withheld, B-13), Athens, May 26, 2008. 81 For this man’s testimony about his return to Iraq, see below, Overland Deportation to Northern Iraq. 82 Translation by Human Rights Watch. The actual phrasing in Turkish was “Yunanistan tarafından usulsuz olarak sınırlarımıza bırakıldığı görülmektedir." From “Yunanistan'ın Yasadışı Göçmenlere İlişkin Tutumu (Greece’s Attitude toward Illegal Immigrants),” information note, Turkish General Staff, October 5, 2007, http://www.tsk.mil.tr/HABERLER_ve_OLAYLAR/4_Yasadisi_Sinir_Gecisleri/yasadisi_sinir_gecisleri_2008.htm (accessed October 7, 2008). Stuck in a Revolving Door 38