Persons detained in pre-removal centres: 31 Dec 2021 Amygdaleza Tavros 667 84 Corinth 891 Paranesti 288 Xanthi Fylakio Kos 210 104 91 2,335 people were detained in pre-removal centres at the end of 2021. However, access of detained persons to necessary services in detention remains extremely restricted in practice. No psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers or interpreters were present in any of the country’s pre-removal centres at the end of last year. There were only two doctors in Amygdaleza, one per facility in Tavros, Corinth, Paranesti and Fylakio, while Xanthi and Kos had no doctor. Case study: Walid* and his two minor daughters survived a shipwreck in Antikythira at the end of 2021, which claimed the lives of his wife, his third daughter and his mother-in-law. Following their rescue by the Greek authorities, survivors were detained in the Amygdaleza pre-removal centre for more than one month without access to hot water or sufficient heating. Walid and his daughters were held in one room, next to the room of a seven-member family. Furthermore, detention conditions still fall short of even basic standards of dignified living in police stations across the territory, where 380 people were held at the end of 2021: Case: Saïd* is a refugee from Afghanistan and has been in Greece since 2018. In September 2021, he was arrested and detained in the Igoumenitsa police station for over three months. Saïd was held together with other people in a cell without beds, a table, chairs or windows. They slept on dirty blankets on the floor, had no access to hot water and were only given two meals a day. The police station did not offer interpretation services and only allowed phone use one hour per week. De facto detention in Closed Controlled Access Centres (CCAC) The operation of Closed Controlled Access Centres (CCAC) established by Greece through EU funding and support raises another dimension of unlawful deprivation of refugees’ and migrants’ liberty. In the CCAC inaugurated in 2021 on Samos, rejected 4 RSA LEGAL NOTE│ 2022