-7The living conditions in the prisons visited were generally very poor and the 1999 Prison Law provisions on accommodation standards and norms for a safe environment to be provided to each prisoner are simply no longer adhered to. Some of the conditions encountered, notably at Korydallos Prison Hospital and at Nafplio Prison, can easily be considered as amounting to inhuman and degrading treatment. As regards the general daily routine in prisons, the range and number of purposeful activities and work opportunities available remains totally insufficient. The Committee makes specific recommendations to address the current conditions and requests that the Greek authorities provide a clear timetable with specific benchmarks regarding their implementation. The CPT is particularly concerned that there has been no improvement in the provision of healthcare services in prisons. Underlying the widespread deficiencies is a severe shortage of health-care staff and a complete lack of integrated management of health-care services. The Committee recommends that the Ministries of Justice and Health jointly review the state of health-care services in prisons and draw up a detailed plan to ensure that prisons meet the general principle of equivalence of care. Further, a series of recommendations are made inter alia to reinforce healthcare staffing levels, guarantee medical confidentiality and ensure that HIV-positive prisoners are treated equally with other prisoners. The Greek authorities should also put in place a practice of carrying out effective investigations into deaths in custody, starting with the cases raised in the report by the CPT. The situation in Korydallos Prison Hospital was so drastic at the time of the 2015 visit, notably in terms of overcrowding, extremely poor hygiene and understaffing, that the place could be compared to a dumping ground for sick prisoners who are subsequently neglected and not provided with the care required. The Greek authorities should take immediate steps to undertake, as a matter of urgency, a full review of the prison hospital and put in place a plan to resurrect it as a place of care. Moreover, the Committee makes recommendations to urgently review and increase staffing levels in all prisons, improve prisoners’ contact with the outside world and introduce a formal complaints system. Children deprived of their liberty Several detained juveniles alleged that they had been ill-treated by police officers upon apprehension or while held in police custody. Further, they claimed that they had been questioned and made to sign documents (confessions or other statements) without the presence of a lawyer and/or a trusted person. The Greek authorities need to take rigorous action to ensure that existing safeguards operate in practice from the outset of a juvenile’s deprivation of liberty. Further, the CPT considers that juveniles should not be held in detention in police stations for more than 24 hours; instead, at present, periods of ten days or longer in inadequate conditions and without an appropriate regime are not uncommon. Moreover, children should never be detained in police custody because of the actions of their parents or the lack of alternative accommodation possibilities or care arrangements. The Special Juvenile Detention Facility in Corinth Judicial Prison does not provide a supportive environment for juveniles and efforts should be made to upgrade the material conditions, enhance the provision of organised activities and ensure that staff working with the juveniles are appropriately trained and supervised. In particular, the legal provisions regulating the placement of juveniles in solitary confinement as a disciplinary punishment should be amended. More generally, the Committee urges the Greek authorities to review the current approach towards the detention of juveniles with a view to providing them with a more juvenile-centred and supportive environment.

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