Additionally, two men were hospitalized in a Turkish hospital, one for a broken arm and the other for a head injury, both caused by the “commandos”’ attacks on the Greek side during the pushback operation. Some of them entered Greece again and were formally arrested and registered. 29 of them, legally represented by GCR, submitted before the ECtHR an application against Greece for violation of articles 2, 3, 5 and 13 of the Convention [on 20 June]. IV. Use of migrants as authorities’ auxiliaries in the pushback operation of 25 April 2022 Date of arrival: 24 April 2022 Date of ECtHR’s interim measures: ongoing for the 32 since 21 April 2022 Date of pushback operation: 25 April 2022 Relevant application(s) before ECtHR: K.M.I. and others v. Greece, A.A. and others v. Greece Alleged Violations of the Convention: Art.2, Art. 3, Art. 5, Art. 13 ECHR Stranded on the islet: On 24 April 2022, 42 people seeking international protection were stranded on an islet in Evros river and spent the night there. 32 of them had been pushed back by the Greek authorities a few days prior (on 20 April) and managed to re-enter Greece (see section C. Pushback of 20 April 2022, above, pp. 32). Inhuman treatment on the islet: In the morning of 25 April, two boats carrying approximately fifteen “commandos” 20 dressed in black and holding wooden bats arrived on the islet. The “commandos’’ beat some of the male asylum seekers and removed their clothing, forcing them to remain in their underwear. Subsequently, they ordered some members of the group to kneel and took humiliating photos of them. They threatened the asylum seekers with imprisonment if they tried to enter Greece again. Ill-treatment during informal detention: Eventually the asylum seekers were transferred from the islet to the river bank in an unsafe watercraft and then to the Neo Cheimonio Border Guard Station in Orestiada before being forcibly and informally returned to Turkey. The group members described the horror of being detained together with approximately 100 more refugees on Greek soil without basic necessities and in constant danger of being pushed back to Turkey. Some of the male members of the group were beaten again during the arbitrary detention. Furthermore, the group was subjected to body search, while their clothes, shoes and the women’s jewelry were unlawfully confiscated. Use of migrants in the pushback operation: People also mentioned that the driver of the boat and another man conducting the final stage of the pushback operation, i.e. the forced transfer by dinghy boat to the Turkish riverbank, spoke in Arabic. What happened after the pushback of 25 April: Upon arrival on the Turkish side of the river, Turkish border guards in turn threatened the pushback vic- AT EUROPE’S BORDERS: BETWEEN IMPUNITY AND CRIMINALIZATION