Furthermore, upon their readmission to Greece they risk being subjected to degrading living and/ or detention conditions. in various occasions, but also direct victims of an unprecedented brutal racist violence incited by extreme right wing street gangs39. The lack of reception conditions in Greece (the absence or insufficient housing or humanitarian assistance, the inadequate welfare and integration policies36) are also well known in all EU countries.37 Additionally, refugees are the scapegoats and the first victims of the profound financial and social crisis that struck Greece. They become also victims of racist speech, even officially adopted by the Ministry of Citizen Protection and Public Order and the Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity38 Almost all readmitted people we met, were homeless before and after their readmission to Greece. They had no access to food, water, sanitary infrastructure or to medical care. Some of them were also victims of racist or/and police violence in Patras or Athens.40 36 Joint Submission of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) and of the European Council on Refugees and Exiles to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in the case of M.S.S. v. Belgium and Greece (Application no. 30696/09). www.ecre. org/index.php?option=com_downloads&id=566 37 See: M.S.S. v Belgium and Greece, op cit, para.263. Greek Council for Refugees, Annual Report 2011, published on 03/04/2012: p. 7. http://www.gcr.gr/sites/default/files/Ekthesi%20Pepragmenwn.pdf, Greek Council for Refugees, The asylum situation in Greece in 11 points, published in Greek on 25/11/2011. http://www. gcr.gr/node/618, point 4. 38 Concerning the recent statements by the ex- minister of Health and Social Solidarity, see also: http://tvxs.gr/news/ellada/ sti-boyli-i-tropologia-gia-tin-ygeionomiki-eksetasi-ton-metanaston , http://aristotelous17.wordpress.com/2012/05/10/%CE%AD%CE%B E%CF%89-%CE%BF%CE%B9-%CE%BE%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B1-%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BC%CE%B5-%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE% B9%CE%BF-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CF%85/ Many of them have been living for many years under these conditions and are reportedly suffering mental health problems. No perspective for an improvement of their social conditions is foreseen. It is clear that readmissions from Italy to Greece constitute a direct or indirect violation of the international obligations of Italy, such as the obligation of non-refoulement or the protection against torture or other forms of inhuman, degrading or cruel punishment or treatment. 39 See footnote 5 40 “I came here for peace” – The systematic ill-treatment of migrants and refugees by state agents in Patras. http://www. proasyl.de/fileadmin/fm-dam/p_KAMPAGNEN/Flucht-ist-kein-Verbrechen/Patras-Webversion04D-DS-k.pdf, Hiding inside a truck under unbearable heat 15