November, 72,389 people had been forcibly confined in Colombia during 2023. In September, citing OCHA, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights said that Afrodescendant people made up 37% of all confinement victims in 2023 and Indigenous Peoples represented 25%. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION Several times during the year, the Foundation for Freedom of the Press recommended that President Petro take action to enable the media and promote freedom of the press, instead of creating a hostile environment, following clashes on social media between the president and media representatives and journalists. The Foundation for Freedom of the Press reported 398 attacks on freedom of the press in Colombia as of October, including 132 cases of threats, 41 cases of harassment, and 51 cases of stigmatization. RIGHT TO TRUTH, JUSTICE AND REPARATION Between April and June, the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies registered some progress in the implementation of the 2016 Peace Agreement, in light of the approval of a constitutional reform creating the Rural and Agrarian Jurisdiction. One of the main concerns was the implementation of the provisions regarding ethnic and gender perspectives. As of June, fulfilment of 74% of the provisions on the ethnic perspective and 70% on the gender perspective was deemed unfeasible within the agreed term. The UN Secretary General reported to the UN Security Council that the Unit for the Search of Persons Deemed as Missing had recovered 86 bodies of missing persons between March and June, and had handed over the remains of seven to the relatives between June and September. Since 2018, the unit had recovered 929 bodies and handed over 196. In October, the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies reported the start of the implementation of 28 regional search plans. The State of the World’s Human Rights The Institute for Development and Peace Studies documented, as of December, the killings during 2023 of 44 former members of the guerrilla group FARC-EP who had signed the 2016 Peace Agreement. In March, former members of the group raised alarms about the deterioration of their security situation. In September, the government presented a bill aimed at reforming the Victims and Land Restitution Law. According to the government, the objectives were to secure adequate funding for the implementation of the law and to implement durable solutions and differential approaches. IMPUNITY In February, the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (JEP) charged 10 former FARC-EP members with war crimes and crimes against humanity for their involvement in attacks against Indigenous Peoples, Afrodescendants and peasant communities in Cauca and Valle del Cauca provinces. In May, an adversarial trial was started by the JEP against a former congressman for his alleged participation in a crime against humanity of persecution against a political group in Caquetá province, committed jointly with members of FARC-EP. In July, the JEP charged 10 former FARCEP members with war crimes and crimes against humanity regarding 349 kidnappings committed in Tolima, Huila and Quindío provinces. The JEP also charged 15 former FARC-EP members with war crimes and crimes against humanity regarding the implementation of a social and territorial control policy in Nariño province affecting Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendants, peasant communities, urban and rural populations, women and girls, LGBTI people, nature, and ancestral and collective territories. In August, the JEP charged nine military men, including one former general, with war crimes and crimes against humanity regarding 130 extrajudicial executions and enforced disappearances committed in Antioquia province. An adversarial trial also 137