LGBTI PEOPLE’S RIGHTS The Penal Code continued to criminalize consensual adult same-sex sexual relations, punishable by up to two years in prison and a fine. In January, the trade ministry announced a campaign against all products that contained “colours and symbols contrary to the morals”, referring to the rainbow colours of the LGBTI movement. On 10 August, the Audiovisual Regulatory Authority suspended Essalam TV, a private Algerian TV channel, from broadcasting for 20 days for showing a movie that portrayed a wedding between two men, which was deemed “contrary to the precepts of Islam and the values of the Algerian society”. WORKERS’ RIGHTS In May, authorities promulgated Law 23-02, which restricts the right to form trade unions, allowing authorities to refuse applications using vaguely worded provisions relating to “national unity” and “national values and constants”. It also allows authorities to dissolve a trade union on multiple grounds, including persisting in “illicit” strikes, and to fine any trade union that joins an international, continental or regional trade union without informing the authorities. Additionally, it provides for punishments of up to a year in prison and a fine for anyone who receives foreign donations and legacies without prior approval from the authorities. 2. “Algeria: Conviction of journalist is latest escalation in crackdown on media”, 3 April 3. “Algeria: Activist sentenced following refoulement: Slimane Bouhafs”, 29 August 4. “Algeria: Reverse decision to dissolve leading human rights group”, 8 February 5. “Algeria: Jailed brother of activist on hunger strike: Abderrahmane Zitout”, 20 February 6. “Global: Call by presidents of five southern European states to tackle the climate crisis underscores the urgent need to phase out fossil fuels”, 3 August ANDORRA Principality of Andorra A woman human rights defender who raised concerns about women’s rights, including access to abortion, stood trial accused of defamation. A total ban on abortion remained in place. HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS In April, Algeria experienced an extreme heatwave that the World Weather Attribution found was “almost impossible without climate change”. In July, at least 140 wildfires spread across 17 regions, killing at least 34 people and displacing 1,500.6 In December, Vanessa Mendoza Cortés, the president of the women’s rights organization Associació Stop Violències, stood trial accused of a “crime against the prestige of the institutions”. The prosecutor’s office brought criminal charges against her in 2020 following her engagement with the CEDAW Committee when she spoke out about the harmful impact of a total ban on abortion in Andorra, and in July requested that the court fine her EUR 6,000, an additional EUR 6,000 to compensate the Andorran government and a six-month ban from exercising any public function. In October, the UN Secretary General’s annual report included Andorra in a list of 40 countries across the world where individuals and organizations faced reprisals for cooperating with the UN. DEATH PENALTY SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS Courts continued to hand down death sentences. The last execution was in 1993. A total ban on abortion remained in place. Those in need of an abortion, and with the means to do so, had to travel to other countries to seek essential healthcare, violating their rights and inflicting additional stress. RIGHT TO A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT 1. “Algeria/Morocco: Deep issues remain despite UN human rights review”, 6 April The State of the World’s Human Rights 77