TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. INTRODUCTION...........................p.4 THE SITUATION AT THE BORDERS....................................... p.6 2.1. One Year After the Deadly Pylos Shipwreck.................................p.7 2.2. Human Rights Violations Continued to Be Reported Throughout 2023 and 2024..... p.10 A. International Media Reports on Pushbacks............................................p.11 B. 2023-2024 Reports by Human Rights Bodies, Institutions, Civil Society on Documented Pushbacks........................................... p.12 C. EU funds to Greece for border management and compliance with fundamental rights...............p.16 D. Greece remains a hostile environment for human rights defenders............................................ p.17 2.3. 2023 Updates on the Situation in Evros.................................................p.18 A. The Evros Border Region.............p.18 B. The extension of the Evros border fence.......................................p.18 C. The official procedure in Evros for newly arrived asylum seekers..................................................p.19 D. Asylum Seekers Trapped in the Dadia Forest and Burned to Death during Evros Wildfire .... p.20 E. The 2023 CPT visit in Evros........p.21 3. NEW PUSHBACK CASES IN EVROS BEFORE THE ECtHR....p.22 I. The Case of a Turkish Asylum Seeker Pushed Back from Evros mainland on 22 February 2023 After Being Pushed Back from Lesvos Island on 28 January 2023......................................................p.26 II. The Case of 17 Syrian Asylum Seekers Pushed Back 4 Times from Evros mainland on 25 and 28 February 2023 and 3 and 6 March 2023........................................p.29 III. The Case of 6 Afghan Asylum Seekers Pushed back from a forest near Soufli on 20 June 2023....................................p.36 IV. The Case of 27 Syrian and Iraqi Asylum Seekers Pushed Back from a forest near Kastanies on 31 August 2023..........................p.38 V. The Case of a Turkish Asylum Seeker Pushed Back After Being Arrested Inside the Orestiada Bus Station on 16 August 2023................................p.42 VI. The Case of a Turkish Asylum Seeker Pushed Back After Presenting Himself at the Greek Police Station on 22 November 2023...............................p.45 VII. The Pushback of two Turkish Asylum Seekers from Kastanies area on 24 November 2023...... p.48 VIII. The Case of a Turkish Asylum Seeker Pushed Back from Kastanies on 29 November 2023..................................................... p.50 IX. The Case of a Turkish and an Iraqi Asylum Seeker Pushed Back from Lagyna village in Soufli on 1 December 2023 .......p.52 4. INEFFECTIVE INVESTIGATIONS INTO PUSHBACKS AND RIGHTS VIOLATIONS.....................................p.55 4.1. Not a single pushback case before the Greek courts..............p.55 4.2. Pushback Cases Before the ECtHR - Not Effectively Investigated by Greek Authorities..........................................p.56 A. Greece Condemned in 2023 for not effectively investigating the abduction from the center of Athens and illegal return of a Turkish asylum seeker in 2013...p.59 B. 2023 Application before the ECtHR for the ineffective investigation of “the Megala Therma Pushback” of 2021....... p.60 C. 2024 Oral hearing before the ECtHR for the pushback of a Turkish woman in 2019.................p.62 5. FINDINGS & CONCLUSION.......p.65 6. RECOMMENDATIONS................. p.68 AT EUROPE’S BORDERS: PUSHBACKS CONTINUE AS IMPUNITY PERSISTS 3

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