4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 To the European Commission and Member States: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 To the European Commission: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 To Member States: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 To the negotiators of the next MFF (European Commission, European Parliament and EU Member States): . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Annex 1 - Scope and methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Annex 2 - BMVI national programmes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Annex 3 - Categories of spending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 List of abbreviations AMIF: Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund BMVI: Border Management and Visa Instrument CJEU: Court of Justice of the European Union CPR: Common Provisions Regulation CSO: Civil Society Organisation EC: European Commission ECHR: European Court of Human Rights EIBM: European Integrated Border Management EP: European Parliament ETIAS: European Travel Information and Autorisation System FRA: Fundamental Rights Agency HEC: Horizontal Enabling Conditions ISF: Internal Security Fund MFF: Multiannual Financial Framework MS: Member States

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