An Application for Annulment against a negative second instance decision can be filed before the First Instance Administrative Court of Athens or Thessaloniki within 30 days from the notification. No automatic suspensive effect is provided and there is no tailored free legal aid. B. Access to the procedure and registration 1. Access to the territory and push backs Indicators: Access to the Territory 1. Are there any reports (NGO reports, media, testimonies, etc.) of people refused entry at the border and returned without examination of their protection needs? Yes No 2. Is there a border monitoring system in place? 3. Who is responsible for border monitoring? Yes National authorities 4. How often is border monitoring carried out? Frequently NGOs Rarely No Other Never In 2022, a total of 18,780 refugees and migrants arrived in Greece. This marked an increase of 105.09% compared to 9,157 refugees and migrants in 2021. 26 Of this total, 12,758 persons arrived in Greece by sea in 2022 compared to 4,331 persons in 2021. The majority originated from Palestine (21.7%), Afghanistan (17.2%) and Somalia (14.1%). Nearly half of this population were women (17.8%) and children (28,3 %), while 54% were adult men.27 Moreover, according to UNHCR 6,022 persons arrived in Greece through the Greek-Turkish land border of Evros in 2022, compared to a total of 4,826 persons in 2021. 28 In 2022, a total of 12,758 refugees and migrants arrived in Greece by sea, according to UNHCR. 29 According to police statistics, 6,672 arrests were carried out in the first ten months of 2022 for irregular entry at the Evros land border with Türkiye, 30 compared to 5,256 arrests in 2021.31 In statistical data submitted to the Greek Parliament by the Minister of Public Order, 32 a total of 230,993 third country nationals in 6,736 incidents were “prevented from entrance” in Greece in just the first 10 months of 2022, compared to 175,301 in 6,319 incidents in 2021. According to an announcement by the Ministry of Public Order33 in January 2023 referring to police statistics, a total number of 256,000 persons were prevented from “illegal invasion” in 2022. Meanwhile, in October 2022, after two separate deadly shipwrecks 34 in Kithira and Lesvos that both occurred on the same day, UNHCR and IOM 35 underlined deaths at sea. Maria Clara Martin, UNHCR Representative in Greece, stated:36 ‘237 people have been recorded dead or missing in their attempt to cross the Eastern Mediterranean route, according to IOM’s missing migrants project, while the total number of dead or missing in the Mediterranean sea for the same period of time is 1,522.’ 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 UNCHR, Operational Portal, ‘Mediterranean Situation: Greece’, available at: https://bit.ly/3WubNsb. Ibid. Ibid. Greece Sea arrivals Dashboard - December 2022, available at: https://bit.ly/43cFS1u. Statistics available at: https://bit.ly/3MPy8Ny. UNCHR, Operational Portal, ‘Mediterranean Situation: Greece’, available at: https://bit.ly/3WubNsb. Available at: https://bit.ly/3MPy8Ny. Ministry of Public Order, Press release on 7 January 2023, available at: https://bit.ly/3Ot1uCT. The Guardian ‘Many dead in two separate boat disasters off Greek coast, At least 22 people dead, with many more missing, in two separate incidents hundreds of miles apart’, 6 October 2022, available at: https://bit.ly/43koYht. UNHCR, IOM, Latest shipwreck tragedies in Greek seas underscore the need for enhanced safe pathways, Joint Press Release, 6 Oct 2022, available at: https://bit.ly/3MNMrCo. Ibid. 29