recounted, the asylum service ‘denied to offer any support’. The result was to remain stranded in a situation ‘without a roof, without social or medical support’.875 As further noted by a professional of Diotima in June 2022: ‘Many people from this population [i.e. LGBTQI+] sleep in parks, groves, or abandoned dilapidated buildings. Without any support from public institutions, completely deprived of resources, they pursue various individual survival strategies: collecting and reselling used bottles, or engaging in survival sex. In this precarious context they are exposed to all kinds of dangers on a daily basis’.876 That being said, the number of applicants, including those still unregistered/pending registration of their asylum claim (who face homelessness in accordance with the ETHOS typology developed by FEANTSA,877 ) or who in any case lack access to reception conditions, is not known, as no official data is published on the matter and a detailed assessment of needs is further hindered by challenges in fully determining the statuses of those affected by conditions of homelessness and destitution. Nevertheless, organisations in the field have continued to report cases of applicants reaching Greece’s mainland camps in search of a shelter without any previous referral from authorities. In parallel, some broad indications on the number of those affected can potentially be revealed by reference to the number of appointments for the registration of asylum applications scheduled via the MoMA’s new platform in the RICs of Malakasa and Diavata, which at the end of 2022 stood at 34,395. 878 These regard applicants without access to reception, albeit, without it being possible to confirm whether each of these appointments relates to a unique applicant. Indications of ongoing challenges can also be revealed in a survey conducted under UNHCR between February 2022 and April 2023, which reached 47 households consisting of registered and pre-registered asylum applicants, as well as unregistered persons wishing to apply for asylum in Greece. With respect to their accommodation, only 25.53% were residing in (mainland and island) camps, while 8.51% declared they were hosted by others, 2.13% being homeless, 4.26% residing in accommodation they owned, and 2.13% being self-accommodated/renting. A large portion (42.55%) were at the time of the survey still residing in ESTIA, 879 and therefore their housing situation is not known following the programme’s termination, yet as has been reported, the termination of ESTIA inter alia led to at least some of the programme’s former beneficiaries in a situation of homelessness and destitution.880 Moreover, the Greek government’s decision to reduce the time beneficiaries of international protection are allowed to stay in accommodation designated for asylum seekers, has continued to exacerbate the risk of homeless and destitution for refugees in Greece, not least due to the ongoing lack of a comprehensive integration strategy and concrete measures.881 As already noted by UNHCR in June 2020, just days following the decision’s entry into force, ‘[m]any of those affected are vulnerable, including but not only most staying in ESTIA accommodation. Their effective inclusion in national systems offering services and for cash or in-kind support has not been possible so far. The situation is aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic’,882 and given the ongoing lack of comprehensive and viable solutions for beneficiaries of international protection in Greece, homelessness and destitution have remained a risk in 2022 as well. For instance, data collected in the context of a joint research carried by GCR, Diotima Centre and IRC in 2021 and 2022, which inter alia reached 64 households consisting of beneficiaries of international 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 Popaganda, ‘What I'm living is the worst thing I've ever been through in my entire life’, 11 May 2022, available in Greek at: https://bit.ly/3AXE7te. Tsadirakis G., ‘Refugee men, survivors of gender-based violence and torture’, 22 June 2022, Popaganda, available in Greek at: https://bit.ly/3LE58a5. See ETHOS - European Typology of Homelessness and housing exclusion, available at: https://bit.ly/3N1vuV3. MoMA, Reply to parliamentary question, 156079/2022, 16 March 2023, available at: https://bit.ly/3Lid1ln. See UNHCR, ‘Inter-Agency Protection Monitoring for Refugees in Greece: Key findings’, available at: https://bit.ly/43dZsuK. Amongst others, news 247, ‘The government threw mothers with children in the streets’, 10 December 2022, available in Greek at: https://bit.ly/426nB68. Amongst others, see Joint Press Release of 74 organisations, ‘Refugees in Greece: risk of homelessness and destitution for thousands during winter’, December 2020, available at: https://bit.ly/33TXZwE; IRC, ‘Over two thousand refugees in Greece at risk of homelessness as support programme closes, warns IRC’, 5 March 2021, available at: https://bit.ly/3oqF1Hu. Euronews, ‘Thousands of migrants face eviction in Greece sparking fears over homelessness’, 2 June 2020, available at: https://bit.ly/2SZa6Xb. 180