NGO lawyer explained ‘Pakistanis in detention are left there, they are considered the underdogs of
detention and are subjected to racial profiling by the police. It doesn’t matter if they have refugee claims,
they will stay in detention for the maximum period, no matter their circumstances.’ (Interview, Athens,
2018). These people, it seems, were not worth fighting for. Vulnerability and, thus,
eligibility to fit in asylum schemes are grounded not so much on standard operating
procedures or the law, but more in unofficial encounters and negotiations between the
NGOs and the police; what Cabot (2013) describes as ‘the social aesthetics of eligibility’.
There are many consequences of this arrangement, whereby the migrants became
entangled in nebulous frameworks of governance that, however inadvertently, effectively
maintained the state of detention and the wider status quo of power relations between the
police and NGOs. For those detained in remote locations who never have the chance of
meeting a lawyer or other non-state actors, for example, this informal system is out of
reach, leaving them confined for many months without a prospect for (early) release. The
dynamics of inclusion/exclusion inherent in this practice have been informed by a
‘biopolitical racism’ (Mavelli, 2017, p. 812) that redraws the boundary between ‘valuable’
(to be released) and ‘not valuable’ (to remain in detention) lives (see also Bosworth, 2014).
Indeed, the bureaucratic mechanics of these practices often enabled workers to leave those
not deemed worthy behind. Devoid of power in this process, individuals are reliant on the
goodwill of the state and the humanitarian intentions of non-state actors to grant or deny
release (Rozakou, 2012).
More broadly, even as NGO staff sought to work against the police, they also had to
cultivate good enough relations to secure their institutional survival and maintenance at
the expense of enabling radical change inside detention. The constitutive codependence of
state and NGO relations kept the hands of civil society actors clean from getting involved
in the actual messy business of detention. As Cabot (2018, p. 13) emphasises ‘the police
and NGOs, while seemingly at odds, were thus mutually constitutive in that their
bureaucratic structures and practices presumed, overlapped with, and reinforced each
other.’ In doing so, the structural problems of the Greek detention regime remained
unchallenged and the critical role of NGOs was indefinitely suspended.
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