novel very similar to N. Hidiroglou’s No to the Old City), had already explained the
purpose of such actions as far back as 2001: “The plan was simple. They would
wait for the chance to come; they would ‘manufacture’ it if needed – some big
foreign policy event, a retreat in a national matter, or a political turmoil. Such
an atmosphere was indispensable, and then the SPEAR Task Force ighters,
along with selected parts of the military and the police, would attempt the big
overthrow”117.
Conclusion
The purpose of our research has been to identify the currents that connect
the military with a process of reversal of the democratization signaled by
the Changeover – a reversal that, in conditions of crisis and an extensive
“creative destruction”, takes on fascist features. We have documented this
role by showing synergies between parts of the military and the ultra-right
that conirm two trends: a) a “violation of the boundary” between war and
peace; and b) a “violation of the boundary” between the military’s “political
neutrality” and its active participation in political life and internal security
against the internal and “outside-inside” enemy. We have privileged the
terms “trends” or “currents” because, on the one hand, we did not want
to underestimate certain “isolated incidents”; while, on the other, we did
not want to suggest that these phenomena are dominant and the ensuing
situation is inal – far from it.
Let us be clear on this: the ultra-right is not the only player within the military, and
it is far from the dominant movement. Ater all, this could not be the case in a
country that participates in international institutions and is located in a region
where any militarist experiment could very easily lead to unimaginable bloodshed. There are limits to both of the trends we have conirmed. For the high
ranks of the military, the junta experience and the liberty of the Changeover
period are still active, even if in an indirect way.
Naturally, one cannot explain everything through the military. As long as the Greek
government continues to implement the policy of “creative destruction” dictated
by the Troika, a further right-wing radicalization of the military (as with other
institutions) remains a plausible outcome. It will also be further reinforced as
long as New Democracy tries to win over Golden Dawn’s electorate by occupying the latter’s ideological ground, by limiting the diferences between them
exclusively to the level of economic policy. The SFROC’s public scheduling of a
Saturday coup d’etat proved a simple joke. Within the Greek society, the speciic
causes that brought about the 1967 tragedy may have ceased to exist, yet there
are other, similar ones that not only persist but also, in a context of a thorough
restructuring of the economy and the society, are dangerously reinforced.
117.
O Ios, “The Changeover reversal”, I Eimerida ton Syntakton, 21.7.2013.
MAPPING ULTRA-RIGHT EXTREMISM, XENOPHOBIA AND RACISM WITHIN THE GREEK STATE APPARATUS
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