Graduate Journal of Social Science, Volume 15, Issue 1
themigrantsfiles & UNITED, n.d.)? How can these border crossings and deaths have been
ignored? What “crisis” are they talking about, since the odysseys and tragedies that
border crossers experience had been unfolding during the previous two decades? How
can the EU and Greek policymakers speak about crisis by pretending that crisis is a
sudden, unforeseen event, an “accident” and not an outcome of political decisions?
Refugee “crisis” as a term has been challenged and problematised by scholars (Albahari,
2016; Collyer & King, 2016; De Genova & Tazzioli, 2016) on the grounds that it has been
misused in order for EU policymakers to justify and legitimise emergent and exceptional
measures –a state of exception (Agamben, 2005)- in the name of humanitarianism but at
the expense of border crossers’ lives. The “refugee crisis” language and events which have
proliferated resulted in particular governmental responses (De Genova & Tazzioli, 2016, p.
5) and practices. These were manifested via the overwhelming securitisation and
militarisation of the external EU borders (De Genova & Tazzioli, 2016, p. 10; Fassin, 2011),
internalisation and externalisation of the borders as well as a huge humanitarian
intervention particularly in Lesvos (Howden & Fotiadis, 2017) enabling what Maurizio
Albahari frames as, “a moral economy of salvation; a sovereign humanitarianism (...). A
way of doing nothing while pretending to fight trafficking and the lethality of the border
(Albahari, 2016, p. 278).
Safe Havens and Prison Islands
I want to be a bird to fly everywhere. To build a nest and every day I fly
wherever I want. It would be a cheerful life. Birds don’t have nation they don’t
have borders.” (Anonymous, 2009)
Mytilene, January 2017. It is 1 o’clock in the afternoon, and I am hastily walking down the
road. A child, barely twelve years old, stands in my way. In broken English, she says,
“Madam, I am from Syria. Please give me money, I am hungry.” A few steps away her
mother is talking to a man, who is carrying bags full of goods. The man pulls out his wallet
and gives her money. Inside a small blue car, which is parked just a few steps away, I see
three men “stalking” us. They are cynically smiling. Are they secret police? Members of the
Nazi Golden Dawn? Traffickers? An unspecified fear overwhelmed me. Due to my political
involvement with activist networks on Lesvos, supporting border crossers, I have lived
experiences of intimidation and harassment by the police, and the scene of the three men
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