Table of Contents Executive summary & recommendations ............................................................................ 3 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5 Risks of refoulement on account of systemic deficiencies relating to access to the asylum procedure ................................................................................................................... 6 Barriers to registering an asylum application – the new framework for access to asylum on the mainland ..................................................................................................... 6 Blanket deprivation of liberty during reception and identification procedures .......... 9 Blanket fee for second subsequent applications ............................................................ 9 Risks of refoulement in the asylum process ....................................................................... 10 Arbitrary use of the safe third country concept ............................................................ 11 Rejection of asylum appeals on formal grounds – failure to appear in person or to submit a residence certificate ......................................................................................... 13 Reception conditions for asylum seekers .......................................................................... 14 Closure of ESTIA & elimination of alternatives to camps............................................... 14 Living conditions in camps ............................................................................................... 15 Financial allowance .......................................................................................................... 16 Protection of unaccompanied children ............................................................................. 16 Guardianship ...................................................................................................................... 17 Reception of unaccompanied children ........................................................................ 17 Detention conditions ............................................................................................................. 17 2 RSA COMMENTS│ 2023