acutely aware of the potential for violence and inhuman treatment on Samos and the total impunity that those who conduct human rights violations and pushbacks have so far been guaranteed.[8] Upon arrival at the CCAC, people are subjected to the following procedure: until November 2022 they were detained in the quarantine zones of the structure, with the time of detention varying from five days to three weeks. Upon completion of the quarantine period, or, after November 2022 when the mandatory quarantine was dropped, on arrival to the structure, asylum seekers are given an order for "restriction of freedom", which the Reception and Identification Service (which belongs to the General Secretariat for Reception of Asylum Seekers of the Ministry of Migration and is the state authority responsible for the CCAC, RIS) uses to de facto detain all new arrivals for up to 25 days in the general population sections of the CCAC. These 25 days do not include the time spent in quarantine. While de facto detained, people undergo at least three interviews with the authorities, with some people even having a fourth, their full asylum interview, before they can leave the CCAC. After this period of detention ends, people are permitted to leave the structure but are subjected to restrictions on their freedom of movement and are under intense surveillance and control by the authorities. If a person's asylum application is rejected, they risk being detained until their appeal is submitted. While currently not in operation, the CCAC also accommodates a Pre-Removal Detention Centre (PRDC) which, when opened, will be used to detain third country nationals pending their deportation. This report has been prepared to show that the nature and conditions of the CCAC constitute (i) systemic breaches of Article 5 of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR); and (ii) systemic inhuman and degrading treatment under Article 3 of the ECHR. Given the factual circumstances of the CCAC amounting to systemic arbitrary detention, as will further be developed, the present report will refer to the CCAC as ‘de facto detention’ and those accommodated within it as ‘detained’. The report highlights that the operation of the CCAC by the Greek State as a de facto detention site facilitates an evasion of the implementation of legal safeguards, leaving those within the CCAC in a particularly stark situation in which they are both (i) subject to unlawful deprivation of their liberty; and (ii) without access to safeguards. The reality of Samos stands in stark contrast with EU Commissioner _ [8] ECRE. 2021. Greece: Increase of Pushbacks with Impunity Amid Ongoing Crackdown on Solidarity, Türkiye Considered "Safe" by Greek Authorities Sets New Record of Deportations, Thousands of Vulnerable Refugees Left Without Adequate Accommodation After Closing of ESTIA Programme. Available here. Page 5