arbitrarily detained student leaders. Two days later, two activists were injured when police used live ammunition against protesters who were delivering a petition to the Manzini police headquarters. TORTURE AND OTHER ILL-TREATMENT Arbitrary detention remained part of the state strategy of repression. On 1 June, former MPs Mthandeni Dube and Mduduzi Bacede Mabuza were found guilty of terrorism, sedition and murder under the 2008 Suppression of Terrorism Act. They were arrested for publicly calling for political reform during the 2021 protests and face up to 20 years in prison. While in detention during 2022, they were beaten by correctional services officers, and denied access to their lawyers and medical treatment. The security forces arbitrarily detained and tortured political and labour activists, including Brian Sihlongonyane, a PUDEMO member, who was abducted, tortured and dumped in a forest by members of the Umbutfo Eswatini Defence Force after he led the peaceful delivery of a petition to the UN on 12 April. In separate incidents in June and July, police detained and beat members of the Communist Party of Swaziland (CPS) before releasing them without charge. The CPS members also reported that they were subjected to torture and other ill-treatment in police custody. No investigations were carried out by the authorities into the allegations made against the security forces. RIGHT TO HEALTH Public healthcare remained systemically under-resourced, resulting in nationwide demonstrations in June and July. Health personnel and patients protested against the government’s failure to supply drugs, medical supplies, equipment, transport and fuel in public clinics and hospitals. The health minister acknowledged the crisis, and later announced that a sub-committee tasked by the cabinet had introduced strategies for the 166 sustainable financing and delivery of healthcare. FORCED EVICTIONS Hundreds remained at risk of forced evictions as the government failed to reform the country’s land governance system, which limits the right to security of tenure. Communities in Sigombeni and the Malkerns continued their legal challenges to evictions. LGBTI PEOPLE’S RIGHTS Consensual same-sex sexual conduct remained a criminal offence, and discrimination against LGBTI people and organizations was widespread. In July, the Supreme Court ruled that the Registrar of Companies’ refusal to register the Eswatini Sexual and Gender Minorities (ESGM) as a non-profit organization was unconstitutional. The acting minister of commerce and trade rejected the ruling citing “Roman-Dutch Law”, and directed the registrar to refuse ESGM’s application. ETHIOPIA Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia After the signing of an agreement to end hostilities, evidence of aid supplies being diverted led humanitarian agencies to temporarily suspend food aid to the Tigray region. Fresh clashes between the federal army and Amhara Fano militias erupted in the Amhara region, and human rights violations, including arbitrary arrests and detentions, were committed in this context; extrajudicial executions were carried out in the Tigray region. Women in Tigray were subjected to sexual violence. Influential groups and individuals led a campaign that culminated in a government crackdown against LGBTI people. The internet was shut down in the Amhara region. Access to social media platforms was restricted across Ethiopia, and around 30 protesters were killed. The government successfully campaigned against regional and The State of the World’s Human Rights