mining site in the village of Chingbolo, 25km from Bambari, were killed in an armed attack. The government blamed members of the Coalition of Patriots for Change who denied responsibility. The UN said it recorded 75 attacks allegedly by armed groups against humanitarian workers or their property between January and June. At least 17 health centres were attacked and looted for which armed groups were believed to be responsible. According to OCHA, by 31 August, 19 civilians, including 11 children had been killed in 54 incidents and accidents involving explosive devices. RIGHT TO TRUTH, JUSTICE AND REPARATION During the year, the Special Criminal Court (SCC), a UN-backed hybrid court mandated to investigate and prosecute crimes under international law and other serious human rights violations in the country since 2003, announced the arrests of four men accused of war crimes and/or crimes against humanity. They are Abdoulaye Hissène, former leader of the Popular Front for the Rebirth of the Central African Republic, Vianney Semndiro, a former head of the Central African Armed Forces, and two fighters from the Anti-Balaka group, Philemon Kahena and François Boybanda. On 16 June, the court passed its first decision on reparation for victims in the trial against Issa Sallet Adoum, Yaouba Ousman and Mahamat Tahir, members of the Return, Reclamation and Rehabilitation armed group (known as 3R). The defendants had been convicted in November 2022 of crimes against humanity and war crimes committed during the massacre of at least 46 civilians in 2019. In October 2023, they were ordered jointly and severally to pay compensation to the victims or their heirs. In August, the SCC Assize Division heard the case of Kalité Azor and his codefendants, all members of the Patriotic Rally for the Renewal of the Central African Republic armed group. They were handed The State of the World’s Human Rights over to the SCC in May 2020, accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity. SEXUAL AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE The Gender-based Violence Information Management System recorded 5,928 cases of sexual and gender-based violence between January and May. Rape and sexual violence accounted for more than 40% of cases, and 95% of survivors were women and girls. In August, OCHA said that two people were subjected to such violence in the Central African Republic (CAR) every hour. In June, the UN announced that its Office of Internal Oversight Services had collected evidence of rape, incriminating 11 Tanzanian peacekeepers deployed on a temporary base in western CAR. The 60 members of the alleged perpetrators’ unit were confined to base and later repatriated. RIGHT TO FOOD According to UN figures, around 2.4 million people were food insecure, including 622,000 people who were living in an acute food insecurity situation due to the armed conflict, rising prices and floods, among other things. In November, 20% of the USD 303 million provided to CAR for humanitarian aid was earmarked for food security. The International Rescue Committee said in April that CAR was increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of global warming, posing a threat to food security. CHAD Republic of Chad Victims’ families were still awaiting justice for alleged unlawful killings by security forces during demonstrations in October 2022. The rights to freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly continued to be restricted. Clashes in the south caused the deaths of more than 100 villagers. The right to food security was threatened by rising prices, poor rainfall, the mass arrival of refugees from Sudan and 123