operations for missing children. Despite a legal agreement in April providing a framework for the search of burial sites, the Kanien'kehá:ka Kahnistensera (Mohawk Mothers) experienced difficulties in accessing the necessary archives and a lack of collaboration from stakeholders. REFUGEES’ AND MIGRANTS’ RIGHTS The Safe Third Country Agreement (STCA) was expanded to the entire US and Canadian borders, including waterways. Asylum seekers crossing the border through nonofficial entry points are sent back to the USA unless they can avoid detection for 14 days. In June, the Supreme Court ruled not to overturn the STCA. The Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) continued to detain asylum seekers and migrants for indefinite periods on administrative grounds. In February, a coroner’s inquest recommended an end to the use of jails for immigration detention after a refugee with mental health disabilities died after years of incarceration in immigration detention. Ontario, Quebec, Saskatchewan and New Brunswick announced an end to their immigration detention arrangements with CBSA. By July 2024, people will no longer be incarcerated in these provinces’ jails solely on immigration grounds.3 Migrants’ precarious migratory status exposed them to human rights violations. The Quebec government continued to exclude refugee claimant families from statesubsidized childcare and migrants with irregular status were denied healthcare. CORPORATE ACCOUNTABILITY Canadian corporations abroad were linked to alleged human rights abuses including forced labour, displacement, sexual assault, environmental damages, and killings. In July, the Canadian Ombudsperson for Responsible Enterprise (CORE) launched investigations into Canadian corporations’ involvement in the alleged human rights violations against the Uyghur people in China. The effectiveness of CORE remained concerning. The UN Special Rapporteur on The State of the World’s Human Rights the rights of Indigenous Peoples identified several shortcomings of CORE, including a lack of protective mechanisms for individuals filing complaints and the inability to compel companies to provide witnesses and documents. Canadian company Ivanhoe Mines was linked to human rights violations as a result of the expansion of copper mines in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.4 Bill S-211 became law in May, but failed to sufficiently tackle forced and child labour in supply chains. Canada failed to introduce mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence legislation, which should apply to Canadian companies’ domestic and extraterritorial operations. IRRESPONSIBLE ARMS TRANSFERS Canada continued to export weapons to countries where there was a substantial risk of them being used to commit or facilitate serious violations of international human rights or humanitarian law. Arms worth USD 1.2 billion were exported to Saudi Arabia, representing 57% of total arms exports. Since February, approximately USD 1 million of military goods, including “riot control agents”, were approved for export to Peru amid repression of protests. Canada issued 315 export permits to Israel for weapons and military technology in 2022and approved over USD 21 million worth of military exports to Israel between October and December 2023. . RIGHT TO A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT Canada was severely impacted by forest fires, which covered 18.4 million hectares. The fires had serious human rights impacts and displaced numerous Indigenous communities including the Fort Chipewyan community in Alberta and the Uashat mak Maniutenam community in Quebec.5 According to the Office of Auditor General, Canada will miss its target of 40-45% reduction in emissions by 2030 and net zero by 2050, with the oil and gas sector continuing to be the highest emitter. Canada 121