Notes 1 Epicentre and MSF, Migrants’ journey, vulnerabilities, access to information and endured violence during the journey and in refugee camps in Ioannina, Attica, Athens and Samos, Greece, April 2017. Between November 2016 and February 2017, a team of experts from Epicentre conducted a quantitative survey and qualitative interviews with asylum seekers, migrants and refugees in 7 sites (4 camps in Ioannina and Attica regions, 1 hotspot in Samos Island, 1 hotel for refugees in Athens and 1 hotel for refugees in Ioannina). The survey consisted of a structured questionnaire on experience of violence and an interviewer-administered anxiety disorder screening tool (Refugee Health Screener 15). The team also collected data on demographics, health status and access to healthcare, access to legal aid, crossed countries and plans for the future. In total, 1,293 individuals were included in the study. serious forms of psychological, physical or sexual violence or exploitation; persons with a post-traumatic disorder, in particularly survivors and relatives of victims of shipwrecks; victims of trafficking in human beings’. 8 See also: MSF, A Dramatic Deterioration for Asylum Seekers on Lesbos, July 2017; MSF, One Year On From The EU-Turkey Deal: Challenging The EU’s Alternative Facts, March 2017. 9 The survey found that 4.6% to 8.7% of people in other camps had experience violence in Greece, as compared to 23,1% in Samos. 10 Refugee Health Screener 15. 11 In July 2017, 906 out of 2,249 people arriving on the Greek islands were children, and 1,168 were Syrian 2 Epicentre is a non-governmental organization created (Source: UNHCR). by MSF in 1988 to help improve the quality of its field interventions. In 1996, Epicentre was named a World 12 Administrative detention refers to the arrest and detention Health Organization collaborating center for research of individuals by the state without trial, usually for security in epidemiology and response to emerging diseases. reasons. It can be resorted to, inter alia, to control illegal Epicentre conducts research responding to a wide range immigration. of operational and medical questions, while it also designs and conducts trainings in public health and epidemiology open to health staff in Europe as well as countries where MSF intervenes. 3 The definition of violence used by our medical teams is the the one used by the World Health Organization, defined as “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation”. Most of the people reporting violence to our medical teams reported direct physical harm. 4 The team conducting the survey used the term violence as covering events of different nature, including: war or conflict related violence (experience of bombings), physical attacks (sexual violence, beatings, torture), harassment and extortion, kidnapping. 5 Ritsona is a camp in North-Eastern Attica Region. 6 In the other camps surveyed, 9.9% to 26.7% of people reported violence in Turkey. 7 According to Greek law - article 60 paragraph 4 of the law 4375/2016 - vulnerable persons are exempted from the border procedures. Article 14 paragraph 8 of the same law defines vulnerable people as ‘Unaccompanied minors; persons who have a disability or suffering from an incurable or serious illness; the elderly; women in pregnancy or having recently given birth; single parents with minor children; victims of torture, rape or other |14 Back cover Photo: A baby boy sitting next to a wall painting inspired by the death of Aylan Kurdi. © Tanya Habjouqa/NOOR 15|