• Most of the interviewees, tried to enter into European territory more than once, after having been pushed back and were therefore exposed to further risks. In one case reported to PRO ASYL, an Eritrean refugee who was pushed back from the Evros region and then tried to cross the borders from the sea is missing since the Çanakkale shipwreck (31.7.13).50 In the following chapters, we will attempt a thorough delineation of the push-back operations, from the Aegean Sea and Evros region. 49 | See for example: UN General Assembly, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants, François Crépeau: Addendum – Turkey, 17 April 2013, Paragraph 48, 53, 60, 65, 69. Available at: http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/dpage_e.aspx?si=A/HRC/23/46/Add.2 and Euro- Mediterranean Human Rights Network, An EU-Turkey Readmission Agreement – Undermining the rights of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers?, 20 June 2012, page 10. Available at: http://www.euromedrights.org/eng/2013/06/20/an-eu-turkey-readmission- agreement-underminingthe-rights-of-migrants-refugees-and-asylum-seekers/. IRIN News (2012) “Turkey: Syrian refugees choosing to work risk exploitation”. Available at: http://www.irinnews.org/report/97125/turkey-syrianrefugees-choosing-to-; European Commission, Turkey Progress Report 2012, 10 October 2012, page 75. Available at: http://wcd.coe.int/com.instranet.InstraServlet?Index=no&command=com.instranet.CmdBlob2013/04/1 ; 2/us-turkey-refugeesidUSBRE930XO20130412Get&InstranetImage=1521616&SecMode=1&DocId=1501516&Usage=2 Helsinki Citizens’ Assembly Turkey, Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Briefing Note, 16 November 2012, page7. Available at: http://www.hyd.org.tr/staticfiles/files/20121116_hca_turkey_briefingnotesyrianrefugees.pdf , and Amnesty International, Stranded: Refugees in Turkey denied protection (Index: EUR 44/001/2009), 22 April 2009. Available at: http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR44/001/2009. 50 | M.A. (24 years old), from Eritrea / pushed back from Evros in May 2013; Interviewed in Athens (Greece), August 19, 2013; “24 illegal migrants die as boat sinks off Çanakkale coast”. Available at: http://www.todayszaman.com/news-322356-24-illegal-migrants-die-as-boat-sinks-off-canakkale-coast.html 12 | pUSH-bACK oPERATIONS Lesvos 2013 | © Fatima Hassan pUSH-bACK oPERATIONS | 13