Until its establishment, the only other nearby dedicated detention centre was located in Fylakio (Orestiada). The facility has received many monitoring visits, all of which have led to reports of severe overcrowding and appalling conditions. In 2011 the CPT reported that at the Fylakio centre “irregular migrants, including juveniles and families with young children, were kept locked up for weeks and months in filthy, overcrowded, unhygienic cage like conditions, with no daily access to outdoor exercise” (CPT 2011). During its 2010 visit, HRW reported that there were some 450 persons detained in the centre even though its maximum capacity was 374 (HRW 2012a). The EU’s Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA) reported in 2011 that women were not separated from men, nor unaccompanied minors from adults (FRA 2011). In the course of 2013 the facility was expanded to hold more than 2,000 persons and was rebranded as a preremoval detention centre (Theodoropoulou 2013). A number of police and border guard stations in Evros have been used for immigration detention purposes. The most commonly used ones appear to be those in Tychero (Soufli), Soufli (Soufli) and Feres (Alexandroupoli). Other stations that have been used are located in Neo Chimonio (Orestiada), Nea Vyssa (Orestiada), Isaakio (Didymoteicho), Metaxades (Didymoteicho), and Poros (Alexandroupoli) (Pappa 2013; Pappa 2012). In the cases of S.D. and R.U., the ECtHR found that conditions at Soufli Border Guard Station amounted to degrading treatment (ECtHR 2009a; ECtHR 2011c). In its 2012 report on its visit to Greece, the CPT reported that “members of the Committee’s delegation had to walk over persons lying on the floor to access the detention facility. There were 146 irregular migrants crammed into a room of 110 m², with no access to outdoor exercise or any other possibility to move around and with only one functioning toilet and shower at their disposal; 65 of them had been held in these deplorable conditions for longer than four weeks and a number for longer than four months” (CPT 2012). The CPT provided a similarly stark description of conditions at a now-closed border guard station in Feres: “At the time of the visit more than 70 men were crammed into a cell of some 45m² while 37 women contorted themselves in order to be able to lie down in the other official cell12 measuring some 30m². A further 30 women and two men were accommodated in a room of some 40m²; access to natural light was minimal and artificial lighting poor (one artificial strobe light had been installed the morning of the delegation’s visit). All detained persons had limited access to one of two small yards during the day. The female sanitary facilities had been recently refurbished and were in a decent state of repair; however, the male sanitary facilities were dilapidated and filthy and required urgent refurbishment (only one of the two toilets functioned). The manner in which the food was distributed was totally inappropriate; for example, at 11 a.m., a large cardboard box containing breakfast (a bread roll and a small carton of juice) was placed on the floor of the women’s sanitary facilities from which the female detainees had to help themselves” (CPT 2012). A new border guard station was opened in Feres to replace the one visited by the CPT. Financed by the EU External Border Fund, it reportedly offers better conditions than the 16