Graduate Journal of Social Science, Volume 15, Issue 1
This means enduring suffering, considering that border crossers get stuck multiple times
within multiple transits and buffer zones, refugee camps, detentions throughout their
journey to Europe. As I have observed, border crossers are in an oxymoronic constant
state of breaking free from the one stage of “stuckedness” (Hage, 2009) to another and
remaining at the same time still. This awkward and oxymoronic state is often phrased as
“in limbo”, wherein border crossers wait, are stuck and move multiple times within
multiple limbos (geographical, bureaucratic, legal, social, mental, psychological and
existential) as well as from limbo to limbo. In this peculiar scheme of “limbo within
limbo”- “limbo-ness”- time plays a pivotal role, since it defines the duration of one’s
waiting and precariousness (Hasselberg, 2016; Khosravi, 2014; Turnbull, 2016). Time is
not an “ordinary” time since it moves slowly by inflicting enduring suffering and pain to
people. Time, “being stuck” and waiting are some of the most obscene forms of violence
exercised upon border crossers on Lesvos Island. No wonder my border crosser
interviewees give a name to this particular and peculiar time wasted inside the material
and symbolic detentions: “Prison Time”. Prison Time is a wasted time which cannot be
replaced. This fact is a form of violence, and it has enormous, short- and long-term,
harmful mental consequences (Dorling et al., 2008; Pemberton, 2015) upon people, who
watch the years and the moments -the time of their life - being wasted without being
able to do anything about it. “I have not lived my life as I dreamed and as I wanted to”,
Sams kept saying to me. While, Thalis a border crosser from Ghana said, “I am wasting
time of my life without doing anything.”
Border crossers are intimidated, harassed and abused everywhere and at all times inside
the Prison Island. Everyday life turns out to be for them everyday torture. Not only must
they tolerate an enduring and never-ending bureaucracy during the registration and
asylum procedures; they also have to endure dehumanisation, discrimination and
segregation into bureaucratic and penal “categories” and “sub-categories”, into
“humans” and “sub-humans”. They have to endure waiting for months and some others,
like Sam and Safar, for years in order to regulate their legal status or to be deported. As
they are waiting, they are forced to experience the humiliation of waiting in degrading
conditions, like those in Moria camp, where queuing in order to use the lavatories, to
receive food, to see doctors, to speak with the staff, to seek asylum is an everyday and
devastating reality. Meanwhile, exploitation, violence, rapes, trafficking and torture within
Moria camp and the Prison Island take place regularly (Médecins Sans Frontières, 2017a,
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