the country of refugee and migrant populations during the
past two years. The Greek Ombudsman’s general estimate,
regarding the degree to which this right was ensured for
minors from third countries during the past two years is
that, from an institutional aspect, there is now a relatively
adequate legislative framework which would allow the
unhindered access of all these children to the educational
system. At the same time, the competent ministry makes
a systematic effort in the direction of a smooth integration,
having in fact established a Team for the Management,
Coordination and Monitoring of Refugee Education, with the
exact purpose of responding to the needs as they emerge.
Of course, in practice, serious violations were discovered
and still continue to be discovered, which pertain either to
groups of children,263 or individual cases.264
In conclusion, in order to consolidate respect for human
rights, it is not enough to legislate, but any legislative
provision needs to be enhanced with means proportional
to the intended protection, and be the result of central
planning, without ignoring the fact that at the same time
the relevant provisions constitute established claims of any
person from the state.
4. Lack of integrated plan or the “solution”
as part of the problem
Up to the beginning of 2016, Greece’s role as a country
which populations from Turkey crossed, having as their final
destination other European countries, served as a pretext
for the lack of an integrated reception and accommodation
system. As of 2016, the increasingly certain “entrapment”
of the persons arriving in the country for an indefinite
period of time, forced the State to reconsider its position
in the handling of the “refugee/migration crisis”. However,
the attempt to organise and implement an integrated and
effective plan for meeting the living needs of the thirdcountry nationals does not appear, to this date, to have
succeeded, despite the consecutive announcements of the
involved agencies.
263 For example, children over 15 years old for which there is no provision for
the operation of DYEPs or reception classes in the regular programme, children
of kindergarten age at accommodation centers, since up to February 2017 no
kindergarten branches were operating in the framework of the DYEPs, children
remaining in Reception and Identification Centers (hotspots), where no DYEPs have
been established.
264 e.g. refusal of enrolment in a school within the urban fabric due to missing
supporting documents or by invoking lack of capacity.
The failures, shortages, and the image of an Administration
that is struggling to meet needs that appear to overwhelm
it constantly, in each one of the areas we examined
(operational, regulatory and rights), have as a common
background the failure of the key national and European
stakeholders, to realise in time, before 2015 and 2016,
which is the period investigated by this report, and to
interpret in political terms the situation unfolding in the
field. The estimate, initially that the refugees/migrants will
not come, then that those that came will quickly leave and
go “somewhere else”, and finally, that those that stayed
will encounter hardships, will despair and will turn back,
are different aspects of this absence of political planning
that prevailed in the reaction of the European and Greek
Administration. The effort of an exclusively managerial
approach towards a crisis with serious financial, social and
political aspects, could not have much success, beyond the
hope for a management-administrative miracle, which did
not however materialise.
This is not to minimise in any case the hard work of
those members of the machinery of state, and mainly the
police and the armed forces, who not only fought hard
to fulfil their duties and their mission, but often found
themselves meeting real and urgent needs in fields far
from their competences. It does not also minimise the
voluntary offer of citizens, organisations and societies,
which, using all means available to them, tried to bridge
the gaps of the machinery of state. The fact however is
that the State and the Administration, at least at central
level, not only appeared unprepared, while they should have
been prepared, but, at least during the first period, failed
to give a convincing answer to the anxiety of all the thirdcountry nationals that continued to arrive in the country,
as well as the Greek citizens that were worried about the
consequences on their already difficult daily life.
The absence of an operational plan by the Greek State
appears to be an integral part of the general pathology of
the Greek system in the management of the needs of the
migration/refugee populations, which led to a great extent
to the inability of assuring several of the fundamental
conditions for the reception and accommodation of the
third-country nationals entering the country. Underlying
this pathology is the lack of political will to integrate these
individuals, who are handled as transit populations.
The problem was not primarily economic. Broadly speaking,
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