Systemic racism and discrimination of Black and racialized people persisted. Wet’suwet’en territory remained under threat from pipeline construction. Violence against Indigenous women continued and the fate of missing Indigenous children remained unresolved. The human rights of asylum seekers and migrants were violated and two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, questioning, intersex and asexual (2SLGBTQQIA+) people faced discrimination and violence. Canada did not meet emissions targets. Canadian corporations were linked to alleged human rights abuses abroad. DISCRIMINATION In March, a grievance by Black and racialized workers claiming systemic racism, discrimination and sexism against the Canadian Human Rights Commission was upheld. In June, the Quebec government tabled Bill 32 requiring health and social services institutions to adopt a “cultural safety approach” towards Indigenous Peoples, but failed to recognize the existence of systemic racism and discrimination. The Quebec government had yet to adopt Joyce’s Principle to ensure Indigenous Peoples had access to healthcare and social services without discrimination.1 While the Quebec government adopted Bill 14 to combat racial profiling by police officers, the Quebec Minister of Public Security asserted that there was “no systemic racism”. An independent report revealed that racialized individuals were more likely to be stopped by police than White people. A lawsuit filed by Black federal public service employees alleging systemic discrimination was ongoing. In July, the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal approved a CAD 23.3 billion settlement to compensate more than 300,000 First Nations children who had been subject to discrimination by the government. 120 LGBTI PEOPLE’S RIGHTS Violence against 2SLGBTQQIA+ people was pervasive. Alarming incidents of hate occurred, ranging from vandalism of Pride flags to protests at children’s drag story-time events. In September, large-scale protests took place aimed at eliminating sexual orientation and gender identity and expression curricula and policies from schools. Saskatchewan and New Brunswick passed legislation prohibiting 2SLGBTQQIA+ youth from having their gender and pronouns recognized without parental consent. INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ RIGHTS The construction of the Coastal GasLink pipeline continued without the Wet’suwet’en Hereditary Chiefs’ free, prior, and informed consent. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police and private security officers intimidated and harassed Wet’suwet’en land defenders.2 Several land defenders went on trial in May and October for protecting Wet’suwet’en territory against pipeline construction. One was found not guilty in November; the others were still awaiting decisions and could face prison sentences if found guilty. The UN Special Rapporteur on the rights of Indigenous Peoples urged Canada to address the “epidemic” of violence against Indigenous women, noting the increase in missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls, and the high rates of sexual assault and exploitation experienced by Indigenous women, girls and 2SLGBTQQIA+ people near pipeline construction sites. Only two of 231 Calls for Justice had been implemented four years after the final report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Canada’s National Action Plan for the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples did not include accountability mechanisms and free, prior, and informed consent. The Independent Special Interlocutor for Missing Children and Unmarked Graves and Burial Sites recommended the creation of a legal framework to protect unmarked graves and support Indigenous-led search The State of the World’s Human Rights