because I don’t have a work permit I can’t work. The person I had to work for told me
I could not get a work permit until I’m 18. He told me to go back to the police to say
that I’m 18 and to have my birthday changed.”252 Similarly, 17-year-old Musa M. told
us: “They tell me that I’m underage so they don’t want to keep me.”253 Human Rights
Watch visited a square in Athens where dozens of migrants and asylum seekers wait
for jobs every morning. We encountered several young boys standing in a group.
Although some of them seemed clearly younger than 18, when we asked them about
their age, they were firm that they were not underage.
The Risk to Children’s Health
Children employed in farm work and on construction sites perform labor that
exposes them to a combination of health and safety risks: the lifting of heavy loads,
the risk of falling from height, cold temperatures over long hours, and substandard
and unhygienic accommodation. None of the children interviewed performed such
work under the exceptions permissible in national law, and the required safeguards
and protection were not applied. Health and safety risks make such work prohibited
forms of child labor and bring them into the category of worst form of child labor, as
defined by article 3 of the Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention.254 While this is also
in violation of Greek law, there was little evidence that the Greek authorities take
steps to enforce the law and protect children (see below).
All children who worked in the construction sector told us that they had to lift heavy
loads and almost all had to mix cement and carry it up several floors for other
workers. Fourteen-year-old Wali P. said he wasn’t able to find any lighter work on
construction sites: “carrying up the cement is the hardest. Always the young [boys]
252
Human Rights Watch interview with Hazrat A., Athens, May 27, 2008.
253
Human Rights Watch interview with Musa M., Athens, May 28, 2008.
254
“For the purposes of this Convention, the term "the worst forms of child labour" comprises:
(a) all forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom
and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict;
(b) the use, procuring or offering of a child for prostitution, for the production of pornography or for pornographic
performances;
(c) the use, procuring or offering of a child for illicit activities, in particular for the production and trafficking of drugs as
defined in the relevant international treaties;
(d) work which, by its nature or the circumstances in which it is carried out, is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of
children;” Worst Forms of Child Labor Convention 182, art. 3.
77
Human Rights Watch December 2008
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