THE DUBLIN II TRAP TRANSFERS OF ASYLUM-SEEKERS TO GREECE 43 8. RECOMMENDATIONS To EU member states and other state parties to the Dublin Regulation:  Amnesty International calls upon state parties to suspend transfers of asylum-seekers to Greece under the Dublin Regulation until the situation for asylum-seekers and refugees in Greece has improved and the asylum system is fully compliant, both formally and in practice, with international and regional, including EU, standards and procedures.  Ensure that no individual is directly or indirectly refouled to their country of origin, or any other country in respect to which they claim persecution, in line with obligations under international and regional law. To EU member states and institutions:  Amnesty International recommends that the European Commission fully and thoroughly investigate the extent to which Greece’s laws and practices comply with the EU asylum acquis in accordance with its powers to initiate infringement proceedings before the European Court of Justice.  Amnesty International calls upon EU member states and the European Parliament to fully engage in the current revision of the Dublin Regulation with a view to strengthening the protection of asylum-seekers and refugees, in particular, by ensuring effective remedies against the transfers and the introduction of a temporary suspension mechanism.  Amnesty International recommends that EU member states and the European Parliament further engage in the reform of the Dublin II system in order to achieve more equitable responsibility-sharing among member states, take account of actual protection standards in member states, and consider personal preferences of asylum-seekers, community ties and other factors that link them to a particular EU member state. To the Greek authorities: General Recommendations Amnesty International recommends that the Greek authorities:  Establish and implement a comprehensive national asylum system consistent with international and regional, including EU, standards on protection and reception.  Establish and continue a meaningful dialogue with UNHCR and with organizations that assist refugees, in drafting and implementing all primary and secondary legislation that has an impact on refugees, asylum-seekers and persons who may be in need of protection.  Ensure that all asylum-seekers whose first instance decisions are rejected are given the right to a substantive appeal with suspensive effect. Index: EUR 25/001/2010 Amnesty International March 2010