NOTES 1 According to data from the Ministry of Citizen Protection, provided to the Greek Parliament on 23 July 2021. 2 In this paper, the terms ‘administrative detention’ or ‘detention’ refer to the deprivation of freedom of a third-country national in Greece based solely on lack of legal documents. 3 Hellenic Republic Ministry of Migration & Asylum. (2021, September 21). Closed Controlled Access Center of Samos. Press release. https://migration.gov.gr/en/nea-kleisti-elegchomeni-domi-samoy-enimerotiko/ 4 Reply from the Ministry of Citizen Protection to the Greek Parliament, 23 July 2021. 5 Ibid. 6 Asylum Information Database (AIDA). (2020). Country Report: Greece, 2020 Update. p.198. Retrieved 29 September 2021, from https://asylumineurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/AIDAGR_2020update.pdf 7 Asylum Information Database (AIDA). (2021). Country Report: Greece, 2020 update, p. 198. Available at: https://asylumineurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/AIDA-GR_2020update.pdf 8 Reply from the Ministry of Citizen Protection to the Greek Parliament, 23 July 2021. 9 Article 46 (5) (b) 4636/2020. 10 Greek Council for Refugees press release (in Greek). https://www.gcr.gr/el/news/press-releasesannouncements/item/1307-antithetes-sto-elliniko-kai-diethnes-dikaio-oi-eksaggelies-ton-ellinikonarxon-gia-to-prosfygiko 11 AIDA Country Report: Greece, 2020 Update, pp.193–194. 12 (Article 46 (5) L.4636/2019. 13 AIDA Country Report: Greece, 2020 Update, pp.193–194. 14 Article 30 (5) and (6) L.3907/2011. 15 Articles 8–11 recast Reception Conditions Directive; Article 28 Dublin III Regulation. 16 L.4636/2019, Article 46. 17 Article 46 (2) L.4636/2019. 18 Article 46 (3) L.4635/2019 also states that ‘A third country national or stateless that applies for international protection while in detention hereunder the provision of L.3386/2005 and L.3907/2011 as they have been reformed, remains under detention in exception, only if this is necessary, after individual evaluation and under the condition that there cannot be implementation of alternative measures as those mentioned in paragraph 3 of Article 22 of L.3907/2011’. In this case, detention may be imposed for the reasons already mentioned in the case of asylum seekers applying while in liberty. 19 Council of State 427/2009, 1127/2009, 2414/2008. 20 CJEU C-554/13, Zh and O Staatssecretaris van Veilingheid en Jusitie, 11 June 2015, paragraph 50. 21 The Geek Ombudsman, Special report on return of third country nationals, 2018, p.16. 22 ΑΠ5278/31-3-2021, Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Reply to questions from GCR. 23 ΑΠ5278/31-3-2021, Ministry of Migration and Asylum, Reply to questions from GCR. 24 According to L.3386/2005. 25 The legal framework for this is provided by L.3907/2011, which incorporated in the Greek legal order the EU Return Directive (2008/115/EC). Thus, Greek legislation administration seems to distinguish between procedures of deportation (L.3386/2005) and procedures of removal and return (L.3907/2011). 26 EU Return Directive, Article 15 (1). See The Return Directive 2008/115/EC. European Implementation Assessment, p.3. Retrieved 29 September 2021, from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2020/642840/EPRS_STU(2020)642840_EN.pdf 27 Reply from the Ministry for Citizen Protection to the Greek Parliament, 23 July 2021. 27