cialized in defence and military matters revealed that a second lieutenant in Samos, probably a member of Golden Dawn, engaged in pro-junta propaganda for the upcoming anniversary of 21 April 1967, asking soldiers: “What were the seven golden years in Greece?” and giving the answer himself: “The seven-year Junta!”103 As we saw earlier, this is also the line of the Special Forces Reserve Oicers Community (SFROC). D | RESERVE OFFICERS’ CLUBS: THE PRIDE OF THE GREEK ULTRA-RIGHT The SFROC call for a coup on 28 September 2013 reminded that the main mechanism of inluence for the Greek ultra-right is in the nationalist reserve oicers’ clubs. These are oicially recognized collectives that, according to our interviewees, have a wide range of activities, from propaganda to pure war operations. The clubs have made a name for themselves through participation in parades by special forces reserve oicers’ contingents at national celebrations, and through dissemination of their extremist nationalist views, especially on the issue of Greek relations with FYROM (Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia)104. The role played by reserve oicer Dimitris Pipikios during anti-immigration protests in Agios Panteleimon and his support of Golden Dawn – as the star in a 2010 Golden Dawn commercial no less – are well known.105 The activities of these clubs are widespread throughout Greece. Important parts of them focus on the borderland regions, where their members endeavour to terrorize the minority populations of Northern Greece. According to the “Anti-War Internationalist Movement”, the regular army exercise “GRIVAS-DIGENIS” that took place on 19-20 January 2013 in northern Thrace had the objective of “confronting native rebels who try to undermine the operational capacities of conventional forces by sabotage and assaults against strategic targets … All major exercises of Reserve Oicers’ Clubs take place in Thrace – and, of course, everybody knows that the National Intelligence Service has full knowledge of it. An important part in them is played by Nazi Golden Dawn, either acting by itself or through the Reserve Oicers’ Clubs”106. 5/ INTRA-RIGHT COMPETITION FOR INFLUENCE INSIDE THE MILITARY The ultra-right presence within the military mostly reaches younger recruits and the lower ranks, as their greater distance from memories of the junta and 103. 104. 105. 106. Cf. “Pro-Junta propaganda by a second lieutenant in Samos”, onalert.gr, 2 April 2013. See http://diktiospartakos.blogspot.gr/2009/07/blog-post_9556.html (last accessed on 1 August 2013). See http://jungle-report.blogspot.gr/2010/10/blog-post_27.html (last accessed on 1 August 2013). “Warmongers against the internal enemy”, diktiospartakos.blogspot.com, 30 March 2013 (last accessed on 8 August 2013). MAPPING ULTRA-RIGHT EXTREMISM, XENOPHOBIA AND RACISM WITHIN THE GREEK STATE APPARATUS | 75